Abstract Purpose: To evaluate, in rats, the open field videothermometry in real time while performing left pneumonectomy for early diagnosis of cardiopulmonary changes. Methods: Twelve non-specific pathogen-free Wistar rats were randomly allocated into two groups; pneumectomy group (GP) and sham surgery group (GS). Mean arterial pressure, videothermometry in real time, of the right lung, and histopathological analysis of the remaining lung were evaluated in all animals. Results: Videothermometry in real time allowed identification of temperature variance of right lung after pneumectomy, indicating a significant decrease in temperature during evaluation. There was a statistical difference between M0 and M1, M1 and M2 and M0 and M2 (p<0.004) in GS, and significant difference between M0 and M1, M1 and M2, and M2 and M0 with p<0.0001 in GP. Conclusions: Left pneumonectomy in rats shows initial histopathological changes after 60 minutes of its completion, indicating a possible compensation beginning. The open-field videothermometry in real time proved to be efficient identifying the temperature changes of the remaining lung.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the safety and clinical, hemodynamic and tissue improvement ability in mini pigs undergoing cell and gene therapy for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Methods: Thirty-two mini pigs Br1 lineage, 12 months old, undergoing induction of acute myocardial infarction by occlusion of the diagonal branch of the paraconal coronary. They were divided into 4 groups: one control group and 3 treatment groups (cell therapy and gene cell therapy). Echocardiography reviews were performed on three occasions and histopathological analysis was performed after 4 weeks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey and Wilcoxon tests, were performed. Results: Association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with angiopoietin1 (Ang1) presented satisfactory results in the improvement of ventricular function following ischemic cardiomyopathy in mini pigs when compared to the results of the other treated groups. Conclusion: The therapy with VEGF and the combination of VEGF with Ang1, promoted recovered function of the myocardium, characterized by reduced akinetic area and induction of neovascularization.

Abstract Purpose: To perform technically the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) using a unique Intragastric Single Port (IGSG) in animal swine model, evidencing an effective and safe procedure, optimizing the conventional technique. Methods: IGSG was performed in 4 minipigs, using a percutaneous intragastric single port located in the pre-pyloric region. The gastric stapling of the greater curvature started from the pre-pyloric region towards the angle of His by Endo GIA™ system and the specimen was removed through the single port. In the postoperative day 30, the animals were sacrificed and submitted to autopsy. Results: All procedures were performed without conversion, and all survived 30 days. The mean operative time was 42 min. During the perioperative period no complications were observed during invagination and stapling. No postoperative complications occurred. Post-mortem examination showed no leaks or infectious complications. Conclusion: Intragastric Single Port is a feasible procedure that may be a suitable alternative technique of sleeve gastrectomy for the treatment of morbid obesity.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of allogeneic mesenchymal stem-cells and autologous mononuclear cells to promote sensorimotor recovery and tissue rescue. Methods: Female rabbits were submitted to the epidural balloon inflation method and the intravenous cells administrations were made after 8 hours or seven days after injury induction. Sensorimotor evaluation of the hindlimbs was performed, and the euthanasia was made thirty days after the treatment. Spinal cords were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: Both therapies given 8 hours after the injury promoted the sensorimotor recovery after a week. Only the group treated after a week with mononuclear cells showed no significant recovery at post-injury day 14. In the days 21 and 28, all treatments promoted significant recovery. Histopathological analysis showed no difference among the experimental groups. Our results showed that both bone marrow-derived cell types promoted significant sensorimotor recovery after injury, and the treatment made at least a week after injury is efficient. Conclusion: The possibilities of therapy with bone marrow-derived cells are large, increasing the therapeutic arsenal for the treatment of spinal cord injury.

RESUMO Objetivo: testar a técnica minimamente invasiva de paratireoidectomia subtotal transaxilar single-port em cadáveres não formalizados para avaliar sua viabilidade e reprodução. Método: foram realizadas dez paratireoidectomias subtotais por via transaxilar através de acesso por TriPort em cadáveres. A técnica realizada consistiu em acesso pela fossa axilar, criando-se um túnel subcutâneo até a região cervical anterior, para manuseio da glândula tireoide e dissecção e ressecção das paratireoides. Resultados: todas as cirurgias foram realizadas com sucesso. O tempo médio de cirurgia foi 65 minutos (57-79 min), com identificação, sem dificuldades, de todas as estruturas anatômicas. Não houve necessidade de incisões complementares na região cervical. Conclusão: a técnica de paratireoidectomia subtotal transaxilar single-port foi viável e reprodutível, sugerindo uma alternativa para a cirurgia cervical minimamente invasiva.

ABSTRACT Objective : to test the minimally invasive technique of single-port transaxillary subtotal parathyroidectomy in non-formalized cadavers to evaluate its viability and reproduction. Method : we performed ten subtotal parathyroidectomies through a transaxillary TriPort access in cadavers. The technique consisted of access through the axillary fossa, creating a subcutaneous tunnel to the anterior cervical region, for handling of the thyroid gland and dissection and resection of the parathyroid glands. Results : all surgeries were successful. The mean time of surgery was 65 minutes (57-79 min), with uncomplicated identification of all anatomical structures. There was no need for complementary incisions in the cervical region. Conclusion : the transaxillary single-port subtotal parathyroidectomy technique was feasible and reproducible, suggesting an alternative for minimally invasive cervical surgery.

RESUMO: Avaliou-se o uso de duas espirais confeccionadas com fio de cerclagem como preenchimento distrator para correção de estenose pélvica em felinos. Foi atendida no Hospital Veterinário da UFRJ um felino macho, sem raça definida com idade de 3 anos, apresentando sintomas de constipação, disquezia, hiporexia e apatia leve. Ao exame radiográfico, observou-se deformação de ossos da pelve com estreitamento do canal pélvico. O animal foi operado para correção da estenose pélvica. Foram confeccionados dois espirais com fio de cerclagem e um pino de Steinmann de 2,0mm de diâmetro acoplado ao mandril de uma perfuratriz, envolveu-se este pino com o fio de cerclagem, executando voltas ao redor do pino. Em seguida, os espirais foram posicionados no espaço formado pela separação das hemipelves, e estabilizados, mantendo-as separadas com a abertura desejada. A efetividade da técnica foi evidenciada por medições feitas através de novas imagens radiográficas, permitindo assim uma comparação com a imagem obtida anteriormente ao procedimento cirúrgico. A aplicação clínica da técnica é relevante por permitir que a correção apropriada da estenose da cintura pélvica e suas consequências representa uma importante inovação técnica e científica na correção dessa condição.

ABSTRACT: The use of two cerclages with wire spirals as distractor spacers was evaluated for the correction of pelvic stenosis in felines. A three-year-old, mixed-breed, male feline was taken to the Veterinary Hospital of the UFRJ. It presented symptoms of constipation, dyschezia, hyporexia and mild apathy. On radiographic examination, a deformation of the pelvic bones and a narrowing of the pelvic canal were detected. The patient underwent pelvic stenosis correction surgery. Two spirals were made with cerclage wire and 2.0-mm diameter Steinmann pins; coupled to the chuck of a drill, the pins were wrapped with cerclage wire, running laps around the pin. Then, the coils were positioned in the space formed by separating the hemipelves and stabilized by keeping them separated to the desired opening. Effectiveness of the technique was evidenced by measurements made using new radiographic images in comparison with the images obtained before the surgical procedure. There were evident decreases in the sacro-ischium line and pubic line of 3.98 and 3.18, demonstrating an increase of approximately 21% in the pelvic canal diameter. The animal showed no apparent macroscopic or radiographic reaction. The preliminary clinical application of the adapted pelvic distraction technique is relevant for allowing the appropriate correction of a stenosis of the pelvic girdle and its consequences, representing a major technical and scientific innovation in the correction.

A circulação extracorpórea (CEC) promove alterações graves no organismo do paciente que necessita ser submetido a esse procedimento, que pode, no entanto, ser contornadas ou minimizadas com manobras específicas para cada situação. Apesar de ser uma técnica já estabelecida na medicina humana, ainda existem avanços a serem alcançados. Objetivou-se com este trabalho descrever a técnica de circulação extracorpórea e informar seus efeitos hemodinâmicos quando aplicada em cães. Utilizaram-se quatro cães hígidos, sem raça definida. Os animais foram submetidos à anestesia e monitoramentos e coletas sanguíneas foram realizadas (T0). Em seguida, os animais foram submetidos à esternotomia mediana, canulação da artéria aorta e veias cava cranial e caudal e mantidos por um período de 30 minutos em CEC (T1), foram, depois, desconectados da máquina de CEC, permanecendo por 30 minutos em processo de reperfusão (T2), seguidos de uma hora de reperfusão (T3), sendo, então, eutanasiados. Avaliaram-se os seguintes parâmetros: pressão arterial média, pressão venosa central, oxigenação (SaO2) e capnografia (ETCO2). PAM, PVC e SaO2 permaneceram dentro da normalidade durante os tempos avaliados, já a média observada do ETCO2 estava abaixo apenas em um dos animais experimentais, porém os valores mantiveram-se dentro da normalidade na maioria dos animais experimentais. Concluiu-se que a CEC é possível de ser realizada em cães, sem prejuízos hemodinâmicos graves, considerando-se os parâmetros avaliados neste experimento.

The cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) promotes major changes to the body of the patient that needs to be subjected to this procedure, but it can be circumvented or minimized with specific maneuvers for each situation. Despite being an established technique in human medicine, there are still improvements to be achieved. The purposes of this work were to clarify the cardiopulmonary bypass and inform its hemodynamic effects when applied to dogs. Four mongrel healthy dogs were used. The animals were anesthetized and monitored and samples were collected (T0). After that, the animals underwent median sternotomy and cannulation of the aorta and cranial and caudal vena cava and they were kept in CPB for a period of 30 minutes (T1), then disconnected from the CPB machine during 30 minutes in reperfusion process (T2), followed by one hour of reperfusion (T3), and then they were euthanized. The following parameters were evaluated: mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), oxygenation (SaO2) and capnography (ETCO2). MAP, CVP and SaO2 remained within normal limits during the times evaluated. Although the observed average of ETCO2 was low in one of the experimental animals, it maintained the values within the normal range in most experimental animals. We concluded that CPB can be performed in dogs without severe hemodynamic compromise, considering the parameters evaluated in this experiment.

A oxigenação extracorpórea por membrana com desvio arterio-venoso (AV-ECMO), em seres humanos, é uma técnica de suporte à vida capaz de assumir em parte ou totalmente as funções dos pulmões, quando estes já não são capazes de promover uma adequada hematose. Para conhecer a viabilidade deste método em cães (Canis familiaris), o presente estudo aplicou a AV-ECMO em dez indivíduos adultos, sem raça definida, com uma expectativa de três horas de duração para cada experimento. No grupo 1 (n=4), ventilação mecânica e infusão contínua de dopamina foram associadas ao suporte extracorpóreo. No grupo 2 (n=6), nenhuma medida de terapia intensiva foi instituída concomitantemente à AV-ECMO. O comportamento dos parâmetros de gasometria e os níveis de lactato foram avaliados a cada 10 minutos e 1 hora, respectivamente, por meio de da avaliação de amostras sanguíneas arteriais. O suporte inotrópico foi capaz de promover uma melhor perfusão tecidual com sangue oxigenado, sugerida pelos níveis de lactato e pressão arterial média mensurados, assim como a hemogasometria revelou melhores resultados quando a ventilação mecânica foi utilizada simultaneamente à AV-ECMO. Portanto, aplicada conjuntamente com suporte da terapia intensiva, a AV-ECMO é uma técnica viável para o uso em cães com falência respiratória, refratária aos tratamentos convencionais.

In humans, arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (AV-ECMO) is a life support technique capable to assume in part or totally lungs functions, when these are not able to promote appropriated hematosis. To know the viability of this method in dogs (Canis familiaris), the present study applied AV-ECMO in ten adult mixed-breed dogs, with expected three hours of duration to each experiment. In Group 1 (n=4), mechanical ventilation and dopamine continuous infusion were associated with the extracorporeal support. In Group 2 (n=6), any other measure of intensive care was used concomitantly AV-ECMO. Blood gas analysis and lactate levels were evaluated every 10 minutes and one hour, respectively, from arterial blood samples. Inotropic support improved the blood flow through the circuit promoting a better tissue perfusion with oxygenated blood, suggested by the lactate and mean arterial pressure levels measured. Mechanical ventilation used simultaneously with AV-ECMO was able to further improve levels of blood gases. Therefore, if applied along intensive care support, AV-ECMO is a viable technique for use in dogs with respiratory failure refractory to conventional treatments.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a cicatrização comparando as técnicas de sutura total e parcial em anastomoses colônicas término-terminais na presença de um protetor intraluminar confeccionado a partir de um dreno de Penrose. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas anastomoses colônicas em 10 cães nos quais foi suturado a mucosa / submucosa um protetor intraluminar por meio da eversão do segmento intestinal proximal em 10 cm. Os animais foram distribuidos em dois grupos experimentais: Grupo 1 - sutura total e Grupo 2 - sutura serosubmucosa. Os animais foram reoperados com sete dias de pós-operatório para coleta de material e subseqüente análise histopatológica. RESULTADOS: Observamos no exame histopatológico das anastomoses realizadas com sutura serosubmucosa (Grupo 2) uma melhor cicatrização caracterizada por um menor infiltrado inflamatório e por uma maior integridade das camadas intestinais quando comparadas com o Grupo 1. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da técnica de sutura parcial mostrou-se superior a de sutura total nas anastomoses colônicas na presença de protetor intraluminar.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the colonic anastomotic healing testing of all layers suture and single layer suture using an intraluminal protector. The intraluminal protector was shaped from a Penrose drain and then fixed 10 cm from the superior end of the anastomotic site. METHODS: Colonic anastomoses were done in 10 dogs, which were sutured, in the proximal segment with an intraluminal protector made of Penrose n.3 drain, using interrupted mucosal / submucosal suture. In the subsequent anastomoses, the animals were subdivided in two experimental groups: 1 - in all layers and 2 - extramucosal. In the seventh postoperative day, a tissue fragment was collected for histopathological analysis. RESULTS: Group 2 histopathological examinations had a better scar (extramucosal suture), characterized by a lesser inflammatory process than in animals in which all layers suture was used (group 1). CONCLUSION: The use of extramucosal suture was better than total suture in colonic anastomoses with the presence of an intraluminal protector.

OBJETIVO: Testar o uso da proteção intraluminal na anastomose colônica sem preparo intestinal. O protetor intraluminal usado foi confeccionado a partir da submucosa de suíno conservada em glicerina, e fixado a 10 cm cranialmente ao sítio anastomótico. Essa técnica foi comparada com a técnica de anastomose colônica término-terminal sem uso do protetor intraluminal. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 28 cães divididos em dois grupos de 14 animais cada. A avaliação foi através de exames clínicos e histopatológicos. A avaliação anatomo-patológica foi realizada no quarto e vigésimo primeiro dias de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Um maior número de casos de morbi-mortalidade foi observado nos animais operados sem o protetor intraluminal. O exame histopatológico dos animais nos quais foram usados os protetores intraluminais mostrou melhor cicatrização, caracterizada por processo inflamatório mais discreto e maior quantidade de colágeno. CONCLUSÃO: O uso do protetor diminui o número de complicações em anastomoses de cólon e melhora a cicatrização.

PURPOSE: To test the use of intraluminal protection in colonic anastomosis without intestinal cleansing. The intraluminal liner was fashioned from porcine submucosa preserved in glycerin and then fixed 10 cm anteriorly to the anastomotic site. This technique was compared with the one used in termino-terminal colonic anastomosis without intraluminal protection. METHODS: Twenty-eight dogs were divided into two groups of fourteen animals each. Clinical and histopathological tests were performed on the fourth and twenty-first postoperative days. RESULTS: The morbidity and mortality rates were higher in animals that did not receive the intraluminal liner. Histopathological examinations in animals in which the intraluminal liner was used showed better healing, characterized by milder inflammation and increased amount of collagen. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the use of intraluminal protection decreases complication rates in colonic anastomosis and promotes better healing.